Definition: Stalking is defined as a
willful course of conduct involving repeated or
continuing harassment made against the expressed
wishes of another individual, which causes that
individual to feel emotional distress including
fear, harassment, intimidation or apprehension
Types of: Stalking is a gender neutral
crime, with both male and female perpetrators
and victims. However, most stalkers are men.
Best statistics indicate that 75-80 percent
(75-80%) of all stalking cases involve men
stalking women. Most tend to fall into the young
to middle-aged categories. Most have
above-average intelligence. Stalkers come from
every walk of life and every socio-economic
background. Virtually anyone can be a stalker,
just as anyone can be a stalking victim. There
are two main types of stalkers – “Love
Obsession”, where stalkers develop a love
obsession or fixation on someone with whom they
have no personal relationship; and “Simple
Obsession”, where a previous personal or
romantic relationship did exist.
Stalking Behavior: Stalkers may
attempt to woo their victim into
a relationship by sending flowers, candy and
love letters, in an attempt to "prove their
love." However, when the victim spurns their
unwelcome advances, the stalker often turns to
intimidation. Such attempts at intimidation
often begin in the form of an unjustified,
jealous and inappropriate intrusion into the
victim's life. Often these contacts become more
numerous and intrusive over time, until such
collective conduct becomes a persistent pattern
of harassment. Many times, harassing behavior
escalates to threatening behavior. Such threats
may be direct or indirect and communicated
explicitly or implicitly by the stalker's
conduct. Unfortunately, cases that reach this
level of seriousness too often end in violence
and/or murder. These tactics are used by
stalkers as a means of reasserting their
dominance over the victim.
The evolution of the stalker's thought
pattern progresses from, "If I can just prove to
you how much I love you," to "I can make you
love me," to "If I can't have you, nobody else
will."
While this progression in behavior is
common, no stalking case is
completely predictable. Some stalkers may never
escalate past the first stage. Others jump from
the first stage to the last stage with little
warning. It is not uncommon to see stalkers
intersperse episodes of threats and violence
with flowers and love letters.
It is this unpredictability that makes
developing an effective response strategy so
difficult in any particular stalking case.
Safety: The following is a list of suggestions that may help you
increase your safety if you are being stalked.
The goal is to allow the stalker as little
personal information about you as possible.
Since each case of stalking is unique, there is
no single list that will insure complete safety.
Helpful Tips
- Refrain from
meeting the stalker for any reason.
- Avoid going to
his or her aid. You may believe that
"talking" to the stalker will help him/her
to understand that you are not interested,
but this can backfire and the stalker may
re-new their efforts toward you. Also, the
stalker may fake a crisis in attempt to get
our attention.
- Tell as many
people as you can.
- Give friends,
family members and coworkers a description
of the stalker. This will help
protect you against the stalker trying to
use a false story to get information about
you. Also, others can serve as witness to
the stalker’s attempts to contact or look
for you.
- Get a private
P.O. Box if the stalker doesn’t yet know
where you live.
- Change your
address on Wolverine Access, giving
the private mailbox address. Inform friends
relatives and businesses of the new mail box
address. Ask that these people keep the
address confidential.
- Destroy your own
discarded mail.
- Save all mail,
email, phone messages, and gifts from the
stalker.
- If you live in a
Residence Hall, request a room change.
- If you are being
stalked over email, print the emails and
save them as evidence.
Statistics
A 2006 survey from the
Department of Justice indicates the following:
- 8.1% of surveyed women and 2.2% of surveyed men
reported being stalked at some time in their life.
The National Center for
Victims of Crime found the following in 1995:
- 75-80% of all stalking cases involve men
stalking women. Most tend to fall into the young to
middle-aged categories. Most have above-average
intelligence. Stalkers come from every walk of life
and every socio-economic background. Virtually
anyone can be a stalker, just as anyone can be a
stalking victim.
The 2000 National College
Women Sexual Victimization Survey found the following
results:
- 13% of the college women had been stalked since
the school year began
- 80.3% of victims knew or had seen their stalker
before
- 42.4% of stalkers were ex-boyfriends of the
victim.
- In 15.3% of incidents, the victim reported that
the stalker either threatened or attempted to harm
them.
- Overall, 83.1% of stalking incidents were NOT
reported to police or campus law enforcement.
- 93.4% of victims confided in someone, most often
a friend, that they were being stalked.